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Emmanuel Rashba
Emmanuel I. Rashba (born October 30, 1927, Kiev) is a Soviet-American theoretical physicist of Jewish origin who worked at Ukraine, Russia and the US. His father was a prominent defense lawyer, a widely educated humanitarian, and his mother was a teacher of English. 〔E. I. Rashba, "Looking back." Journal of Superconductivity 16, 599-623 (2003), http://link.springer.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/article/10.1023/A%3A1025345319199〕 Rashba is known for his contributions to different areas of condensed matter physics and spintronics, especially the Rashba effect and also for the prediction of Electric dipole spin resonance,〔E. I. Rashba and V. I. Sheka, Electric-Dipole Spin Resonances, in: ''Landau Level Spectroscopy'' (North Holland, Amsterdam) 1991, p. 131-206.〕 Giant oscillator strength of impurity excitons,〔E. I. Rashba, Giant Oscillator Strengths Associated with Exciton Complexes, Sov. Phys. Semicond. 8, 807-816 (1975)〕 and coexistence of free and self-trapped excitons.〔E. I. Rashba, Self-Trapping of Excitons, in: Excitons, (North-Holland, Amsterdam) 1982, p. 543-602.〕
==Career==
Born in Kiev, Ukraine, Rashba survived the Nazi invasion during the Second World War by fleeing with his family to Kazan where he started studying physics at the Kazan University. After returning to Kiev he graduated from the Physics Department of Kiev University in 1949. His Instructors were Alexander Davydov, Solomon Pekar and Kirill Tolpygo. Rashba' graduation fell onto the last years of Stalin' reign darkened by extreme national chauvinism. As a result, he had to change temporary jobs for five times during the five following years. In 1954 he was accepted to the Semiconductor Department of the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Science of the Ukraine where he initially worked on the theory of transistors but earned his PhD degree in 1956 on his work on the theory of exciton-phonon interaction performed a few years earlier. When the Institute for Semiconductors of the same Academy was established in 1960, Rashba headed there the Department for Theory of Semiconductor Devices. He earned his Doctor of Sciences degree from the A.F. Ioffe Institute in Leningrad for his work on spin-orbit coupling in semiconductors and exciton spectroscopy of molecular crystals (deducing energy spectra of excitons in pure crystals from optical spectra of mixed crystals, in collaboration with Vladimir Broude). In 1966, after the institute of Theoretical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of USSR (currently the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics) was established in Chernogolovka, Rashba moved there and served as the Head of the Theory of Semiconductors Division and afterwards as a Principal Scientist until 1997. During 1968-1982, Rashba also served as a professor of physics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MFTI).
In 1991 Rashba moved to the United States where he worked as a research scholar at the University of Utah (1992-2000), SUNY at Buffalo (2001-2004), and the Harvard University (2004-2015). He was also associated with MIT (2000-2004), served as an Adjunct Professor at Dartmouth College (2000-2003) and as a Rutherford Professor at the Loughborough University (UK, 2007 - 2010). During this period Rashba worked mostly on spintronics and physics of nanosystems.
Rashba is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Among his recognitions are National Prize of the USSR and the ICL'99 Prize for his work on optical spectroscopy, Ioffe and Pekar Prizes for his work on spin-related phenomena, and Sir Nevill Mott and Arkady Aronov Lectureships.
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